A review of online dynamic models and algorithms for railway traffic control

We present a survey of the recent approaches on railway transportation problems, that exhibit dynamic and stochastic (or, at least, not completely deterministic) aspects. In fact, while deterministic and static (or single-shot) systems have reached a wide degree of dissemination, much is still to be done with regard to the online nature of the railway problems; and how to best take into account for uncertainty. We review approaches for four dynamic interrelated problems such as train path rescheduling (called also dispatching, rescheduling, disposition), crew rescheduling, rolling stock rescheduling, and the issue of determining updated passenger connection plans (delay management). Open challenges for the research are outlined.