An analytical approach to the low-frequency breakdown of the right hand side and scattered field computation in EFIE

In addition to the breakdown caused by the loss of the contribution of the vector potential term at low frequencies due to finite machine precision, the EFIE has also suffered from the low-frequency breakdown owing to the loss of the frequency dependence of the right hand side in scattering analysis, and the same loss of the Green´s function in scattered field and thereby RCS computation. We propose an analytical approach to solve the latter two breakdown problems. This approach is rigorous from electrodynamic frequencies all the way down to zero frequency. Excellent agreement with analytical results and Mie series has validated the proposed approach.