Biomimetic bowtie array for beamwidth reduction

Using biomimetic concepts, the phase difference between adjacent elements (as close as λ/10 apart) is amplified to reduce the beamwidth of small size array. Although interelement inductance and capacitance can both be used for phase difference control, only the coupling capacitance is considered. A modified T-network circuit is introduced to model the interelement coupling and optimize parameter loading. As an example, a conformal bow-tie array is selected for design demonstration. Measurements are also provided to demonstrate that narrow beamwidth can be achieved by tuning interelement coupling.