Equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna with spur lines embedded

This paper presents an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna with spur lines. The proposed antenna, comprising a triangular planar patch element embedded with two spur line slots. The simulation and fabrication process are performed to understand the characteristics of the proposed antenna. The simulation result is compared with the fabricated antenna. The targeting frequency of this antenna is 0.90 GHz (first resonant frequency) and 1.80 GHz (second resonant frequency). The proposed antenna can improve the bandwidth of GSM 1800 up to 100 MHz. It shows the return loss of - 16.176 dB, bandwidth of 33 MHz (0.919 GHz to 0.952 GHz) and a gain of 3.52 dB first resonant frequency. At second frequency, the return loss are - 28.159 dB with a bandwidth of 115 MHz (1.714 GHz to 1.829 GHz) and gain of 3.380 dB.