Directional modulation transmitter synthesis using particle swarm optimization

Phased DM transmitter array synthesis using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is presented in this paper. The PSO algorithm is described in details with key parameters provided for 1-D four-element half-wavelength spaced QPSK DM array synthesis. A DM transmitter array for boresight and 30° direction secure communications are taken as examples to validate the proposed synthesis approach. The optimization process exhibits good convergence performance and solution quality.