Grid circuit design using S.A.N.DY for a battery pack: Switching Algorithm aNd cell DYnamics (S.A.N.DY), a novel approach for optimum discharging/charging of a lithium-polymer battery pack for hybrid/electric vehicles

This paper suggests an Intelligent Control Algorithm for optimizing the charge and discharge of a battery pack used in a hybrid/electric vehicle. With precision control of voltage and current levels in secondary batteries, high performance and greater battery life can be achieved and the problems of overcharging and over discharging in batteries can be avoided. It uses cell isolation system, which controls the number of cells required specifically for an instantaneous load condition, thus reducing the overall internal resistance of battery pack, hence reduces losses due to heating.