Energy smart routing protocol (ESRP)

Sensor nodes in Wireless sensor networks (WSN´s) have limited energy, range, memory and computational power, therefore, approaches have been proposed over the years to reduce energy consumption and to prolong network lifetimes. In this paper, we propose an energy smart routing protocol (ESRP) for WSNs with mobile sinks. The first sink proactively constructs a grid structure. A path along grid points is paved from a sink to the source for forwarding queries and disseminating data. For choosing each grid sensor node, a cost function is applied to serve each respective crossing point and to handle grid node failure. Based upon this grid, we develop novel methods for handling multiplicity and movements of sinks by creating an expected mobility zone in sensor field so as to ensure continuous data delivery from source nodes to sink or sinks.