Pareto frontier of energy storage costs-fuel economies for a series HEY using bandwidth based control strategy

Due to marketability issues of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) compared to the conventional vehicle, simultaneously optimizing the energy storage system (ESS) cost-a main contributor to overall cost- and Fuel Economy (FE) of the HEV is necessary. A Pareto Frontier of ESS cost and FE is a valuable design information which offers entire optimum designs, proportional to the customer requirements. The Pareto Frontier result is affected by the methodology of managing power flow between energy components in the power train. Hence, in this manuscript, the Pareto set is achieved using an advanced bandwidth-based control strategy for a Series HEV with limited All-Electric-Mode (AEM).