Impacts of different renewable energy resources on optimal behavior of Plug-in Electric Vehicle parking lots in energy and ancillary services markets

This paper aims to optimize the behavior of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) parking lots considering the interaction with renewable energy resources. In the proposed model, the PEV parking lot can participate in the day-ahead energy, spinning reserve and regulation markets. On this basis, behavior of the PEV parking lot in a distribution system is modeled consisting of wind and photovoltaic power producers. Moreover, the model consists of uncertainty characteristics of PEV behavior, wind and photovoltaic power generation. In order to tackle the mentioned uncertainties, a stochastic programming approach is utilized to maximize the profit of the parking lot operator. Numerical cases are studied to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results indicate that renewable energy resources have significant impacts on the behavior of PEV parking lot.