Folded Petersen cube networks: new competitors for the hypercubes

We introduce and analyze a new interconnection topology, called the k-dimensional folded Petersen (FP_k) network, which is constructed by iteratively applying the Cartesian product operation on the well-known Petersen graph. Since the number of nodes in FP_k is restricted to a power of ten, for better scalability we propose a generalization, the folded Petersen cube network FPQ_n,k =Q_n×FP_k, which is a product of the n-dimensional binary hypercube (Q_n) and FP_k. The FPQ_n,k topology provides regularity, node- and edge-symmetry, optimal connectivity (and therefore maximal fault-tolerance), logarithmic diameter, modularity, and permits simple self-routing and broadcasting algorithms. With the same node-degree and connectivity, FPQ _n,k has smaller diameter and accommodates more nodes than Q _n+3k, and its packing density is higher compared to several other product networks. This paper also emphasizes the versatility of the folded Petersen cube networks as a multicomputer interconnection topology by providing embeddings of many computationally important structures such as rings, multi-dimensional meshes, hypercubes, complete binary trees, tree machines, meshes of trees, and pyramids. The dilation and edge-congestion of all such embeddings are at most two