Title :
Dispersion compensating Raman amplifiers with pump reflectors for increased efficiency
Author_Institution :
OFS Labs., Murray Hill, NJ, USA
Abstract :
The effect of retroreflecting the pump in discrete Raman amplifiers is investigated. Simulations are used to estimate the increase in gain and efficiency and decrease in multipath interference due to double Rayleigh backscatter for typical module configurations. The effect of reflecting only a portion of the pump spectrum is considered. Experimental measurements confirm the expected increase in gain. Finally, the effect of pump-signal relative intensity noise transfer is investigated experimentally.
Keywords :
Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; backscatter; compensation; laser noise; modules; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre dispersion; optical pumping; wavelength division multiplexing; dispersion compensating Raman amplifiers; double Rayleigh backscatter; efficiency; gain; module configurations; multipath interference; pump reflectors; pump retroreflection; pump spectrum; pump-signal relative intensity noise transfer; Attenuation measurement; Backscatter; Bragg gratings; Fiber gratings; Gain measurement; Loss measurement; Mirrors; Raman scattering; Stimulated emission; Wavelength division multiplexing;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2003.815495
