Efficient frequency estimation using the pulse-pair method at various lags

The pulse-pair (PP) method is an efficient time-domain-based technique of frequency estimation, which requires a very low number of multiplications, thus ideally suited for field-programmable gate array-type hardware implementations. The optimum frequency estimation using the PP method needs a lag value equal to two-thirds of the signal length, and requires phase unwrapping that usually makes the technique computationally unattractive. In this letter, we propose efficient techniques for estimating frequency using the optimum PP method and multiple correlation lags