Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies

A number of different models for hydraulic turbines and for their speed controllers are presented. The models vary in complexity, and are meant to be used for the study of power system problems of different types. Hydraulic models suitable for a relatively wide range of studies are recommended. Models are provided for prime movers including water supply conduit and prime mover speed controls. Nonlinear models are required where speed and power changes are large, such as in islanding, load rejection, and system restoration studies. One of the objectives is to present the basic physics of hydraulic turbines and their controls recognizing that, in the state of the art, the development of a code for a particular model is routine once the physics are well defined