Correspondence: Lead-free intravascular ultrasound transducer using BZT-50BCT ceramics

This paper reports the fabrication and evaluation of a high-frequency ultrasonic transducer based on a new lead-free piezoelectric material for intravascular imaging application. Lead-free 0.5Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃-0.5(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₄(BZT-50BCT) ceramic with a high dielectric constant (~2800) was employed to develop a high-frequency (~30 MHz) needle-type ultrasonic transducer. With superior piezoelectric performance (piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ ~ 600 pC/N), the lead-free transducer was found to exhibit a -6-dB bandwidth of 53% with an insertion loss of 18.7 dB. In vitro intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of a human cadaver coronary artery was performed to demonstrate the potential of the lead-free transducer for biomedical imaging applications. This is the first time that a lead-free transducer has been used for IVUS imaging application. The experimental results suggest that the BZT-50BCT ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric material for high-frequency intravascular imaging applications.