Production of Ultra-High Charge States in Heavy-Ion Collisions

Charge-state fractions have been determined for iodine, selenium and bromine ions traversing oxygen, argon, krypton, xenon, carbon-foil and gold-foil targets. Particular attention has been paid to high charge states, some containing as little as 10-6% of the primary beam intensity. The measurements indicate that a TU tandem accelerator is capable of delivering useful beams of heavy elements up to bromine (including 82Se and 48Ca) with energies suitable for the research of super-heavy elements.