Title :
Design of wide-band arrays for low side-lobe level beam patterns by simulated annealing
Author :
Cardone, Giovanni ; Cincotti, Gabriella ; Pappalardo, Massimo
Author_Institution :
CRS4 Center for Adv. Studies, Res. & Dev. in Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy
Abstract :
We address the window design problem of linear arrays to be used in wide-band beamforming systems. During last decades, stochastic optimization algorithms have proven to be very efficient in optimal beamforming synthesis, but most research interest has focused on linear and two-dimensional arrays under narrow-band excitation. In the present paper, we introduce a general approach, based on the simulated annealing optimization algorithm, to design uniformly spaced wide-band arrays that generate low side-lobe level beam patterns. The effectiveness of different beam pattern formulations is evaluated within the proposed framework; we also consider three different methods to control the side-lobe level, yielding different array performances. Moreover, we investigate the influence of the frequency bandwidth on the optimized beam patterns.
Keywords :
array signal processing; simulated annealing; ultrasonic transducer arrays; array performances; frequency bandwidth; linear arrays; low side-lobe level beam patterns; optimal beamforming synthesis; optimized beam patterns; simulated annealing optimization algorithm; uniformly spaced arrays; wideband arrays; wideband beamforming systems; window design problem; Algorithm design and analysis; Array signal processing; Bandwidth; Design optimization; Frequency; Narrowband; Performance evaluation; Simulated annealing; Stochastic processes; Wideband;
Journal_Title :
Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1026017