Low complexity concurrent constant modulus algorithm and soft decision directed scheme for blind equalisation

The recently introduced concurrent constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and decision-directed (DD) scheme provides a state-of-the-art low-complexity blind equalisation technique for high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) channels. At a small cost of slightly more than doubling the complexity of the standard CMA blind equaliser, this concurrent CMA and DD blind equaliser achieves a dramatic improvement in equalisation performance over the CMA. In the paper, a new blind equalisation scheme is proposed based on concurrent CMA and a novel soft decision-directed (SDD) adaptation. The proposed concurrent CMA and SDD blind equaliser has simpler computational requirements than the concurrent CMA and DD algorithm. Extensive simulation shows that it has the same steady-state equalisation performance as the concurrent CMA and DD algorithm and a faster convergence speed over the latter scheme