Title :
A closed-loop electrical stimulation system for cardiac cell cultures
Author :
Whittington, R. Hollis ; Giovangrandi, Laurent ; Kovacs, Gregory T A
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Stanford Univ., CA, USA
fDate :
7/1/2005 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
An integrated electrical stimulation and recording system was designed for closed-loop control and analysis of cardiac cultures on planar microelectrode arrays. Stimulated action potentials from HL-1 clonal myocyte cultures were digitized, stimulation artifacts were removed using nulling and filtering methods, and analysis was performed to determine stimulation efficacy in real time. Results of this analysis were used to determine future stimulation waveform parameters such as polarity, amplitude, pulse duration, and rate or pattern. Algorithms were designed utilizing real-time analysis and control to maintain a desired electrophysiological response of the culture, such as an arbitrary capture fraction value. This paper presents the hardware and software design of the stimulus pulse circuitry, artifact extraction, analysis, and control components of the system. Applications of this technology include the study of cardiac cell physiology, improving the speed and accuracy of traditional open-loop stimulation protocols, pharmacological screening, and improving the performance of biosensors based on sensing electrical activity in cardiac cultures.
Keywords :
bioelectric potentials; cardiology; cellular biophysics; closed loop systems; filtering theory; medical signal processing; microelectrodes; HL-1 clonal myocyte cultures; arbitrary capture fraction value; artifact extraction; biosensors; cardiac cell cultures; cardiac cell physiology; closed-loop control; closed-loop electrical stimulation system; electrophysiology; filtering method; nulling method; open-loop stimulation protocols; pharmacological screening; planar microelectrode arrays; recording system; stimulated action potentials; stimulus pulse circuitry; Algorithm design and analysis; Control system analysis; Control systems; Electrical stimulation; Filtering; Hardware; Microelectrodes; Pattern analysis; Performance analysis; Software design; Action potential; artifact; cardiac; closed-loop; microelectrode; stimulation; Action Potentials; Animals; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Feedback; Mice; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pacemaker, Artificial;
Journal_Title :
Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TBME.2005.847539