Modeling Interchannel FWM With Walk-Off in RZ-DPSK Single Span Links

An analytic model for interchannel four-wave mixing (FWM) is developed for return to zero differential phase shift keying (RZ-DPSK) single span transmission including interchannel walk-off for degenerate FWM (D-FWM) and nondegenerate FWM (ND-FWM). The model is verified by simulations and reasonable agreement is obtained for a 10-Gb/s single span link. Results are presented for different channel spacing, launch pulse duty-cycle, and launch power. The model is strictly valid for systems with low fiber dispersion as it ignores dispersion related pump pulse distortion. It is found that the walk-off effect makes a significant contribution to the detected unfiltered FWM noise and this contribution is mostly concentrated at high frequencies determined by the channel spacing alone. The contribution of the walk-off and its frequency content is understood in terms of intracollision and intercollision interference. In the typical situation when a sub-bit-rate electrical low-pass filter is used, the walk-off effect is effectively removed for all types of FWM. The analytic model is validated by comparing to split-step-Fourier (SSF) simulations. Extension to the general case of multiple FWM lines is considered. It is found that the FWM noise standard deviation is 2 times smaller for RZ-DPSK as compared to that for return to zero on-off keying (RZ-OOK) at the same average launch power for a system with 25-GHz channel spacing.