Implementation of the AEP real-time monitoring system

During the final implementation of the AEP real-time monitoring system a considerable theoretical and practical experience was obtained which has resulted in a deeper insight and understanding of its performance. The paper presents the various modules and interfaces of the programming system and discusses concepts related to radial lines, redundancy, identification, separated stations, weights, convergence, model and parameter uncertainties and zero injection measurements. The final part of the paper presents hints on debugging and implementation strategies. The information presented would be of use to both researchers and to those with responsibilities in implementing estimation monitoring systems.