• DocumentCode
    858028
  • Title

    The retrospectroscope-the bite of pain (electrotherapy)

  • Author

    Kuhfeld, Albert W.

  • Volume
    12
  • Issue
    1
  • fYear
    1993
  • fDate
    3/1/1993 12:00:00 AM
  • Firstpage
    135
  • Lastpage
    136
  • Abstract
    A brief historical survey of methods used by physicians and dentists to relieve pain is presented. The use of electricity is emphasized. The methods utilized range from the use of the black torpedo fish, which has a 150-V discharge and peak power output of 1 kW, to TENS stimulation.<>
  • Keywords
    bioelectric phenomena; history; patient treatment; 1 kW; 150 V; black torpedo fish; dentists; electrotherapy; historical survey; pain relief; physicians; Arteries; Dentistry; Drugs; Electric shock; Head; Marine animals; Pain; Powders; Stomach; Teeth;
  • fLanguage
    English
  • Journal_Title
    Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE
  • Publisher
    ieee
  • ISSN
    0739-5175
  • Type

    jour

  • DOI
    10.1109/51.195954
  • Filename
    195954