DocumentCode :
874460
Title :
Technology for the design of low-power circuits
Author :
Bittmann, Charles A. ; Wilson, Garth H. ; Whittier, Ronald J. ; Waits, Robert K.
Volume :
5
Issue :
1
fYear :
1970
Firstpage :
29
Lastpage :
37
Abstract :
Operation of integrated circuits at micropower levels requires transistors with adequate current gain at collector currents of 1 /spl mu/A and less and resistors of the order of 1 M/spl Omega/ within reasonable areas. Factors affecting current gain at low currents are discussed and design criteria presented that optimize gain at low collector current. A benefit of micropower operation is low-current noise. Factors tending to optimize noise performance are discussed. In order to obtain voltage gain at low collector current, high values of load resistance are required. Both passive and active loads suitable for incorporation in micropower integrated circuits are discussed.
Keywords :
Amplifiers; Bipolar transistors; Integrated circuits; amplifiers; bipolar transistors; integrated circuits; Analog integrated circuits; Circuit noise; Electron devices; Impedance; Laboratories; Low voltage; Operational amplifiers; Research and development; Resistors; Semiconductor device noise;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of
Publisher :
ieee
ISSN :
0018-9200
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1109/JSSC.1970.1050062
Filename :
1050062
Link To Document :
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