Title :
Retroscope - who first performed cardiac pacing: why, when, and where?
Abstract :
Modern direct-heart pacing owes its origin to three situations: 1) chloroform anesthesia, 2) hypothermia, and 3) atriaventricular (A-V) block due to myocardial ischemia or disease. This article describes these three origins.
Keywords :
biothermics; diseases; electrocardiography; pacemakers; atriaventricular block; cardiac pacing; chloroform anesthesia; disease; hypothermia; modern direct-heart pacing; myocardial ischemia; Anesthesia; Anesthetic drugs; Biomedical electrodes; Biomembranes; Cardiac arrest; Dogs; Heart; Horses; Neck; Needles;
Journal_Title :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MEMB.2007.364936
