The Z-transform and unequally spaced arrays

It is shown that under certain conditions, Z-transform theory can be applied to simplify analysis and synthesis of unequally spaced antenna arrays. The approach provides significant advantages over other techniques since the method yields closed-form expressions for array factors that are otherwise often cumbersome and difficult to work with analytically. The method is useful for both broadside and endfire arrays and allows many of the results originally derived for equally spaced arrays to be applied.