The energy spread of electrical systems

A linear time-invariant system {N} is subjected to a fixed-frequency normalised exponential input signal |i| = K. The spread of the complex energy F and the ranges of the active energy P and reactive energy Q are studied. S(F) = max i,j |Fi ¿ Fj| S(P) = |max P ¿ min P| S(Q) = |max Q ¿ min Q| The inter-relations between eigenvalues of the system and the energy spreads are discussed. Upper bounds and lower bounds for energy spreads are given in terms of the elements of the impedance or admittance matrices of the system.