Equal-valued earthed-capacitor realisation of a third-order lowpass Butterworth characteristic using current conveyors

A minimal active-circuit realisation of a 3rd-order lowpass Butterworth characteristic using second-generation current conveyors as the active elements is proposed. The network parameters have low passive sensitivities and are practically insensitive to active parameter changes. The configuration is attractive for i.e. fabrication in that the passive components are all of equal value and the capacitors are earthed.