Multistate Semiconductors

Physical phenomena are divided into three pairs of dual phenomena, electrical and magnetic; thermal and optical; compression and shear. Temperature is termed thermal potential, and pressure, compression potential. Corresponding to thermal energy and thermal potential, the existence of thermal charge is postulated equal to their ratio. Formulas and equations are presented for the shift in centers of electrical charge, analogous to the shift of molecules of a medium in thermoelasticity. The theory presented is a mathematical analysis of two- or three-dimensional variable multistate semiconductor crystals or films which pass or block in two or three mutually perpendicular directions, and can interchange pass and nonpass from one dimension to another. In particular, the theory establishes conditions for conduction in one or two of three mutually perpendicular directions. Since the interchangeability may be controlled, the element acts as a relay. In applying the theory, the shifts of charge centers, that is, the electrical strains, are preassigned. Then the stresses can be calculated which are required to produce the preassigned strains. Thus we know what inputs are necessary to achieve preassigned desired outputs.