Impact of the Contact on Electrical Systems

Many electrical systems, for example, telephone systems or computer systems, use great numbers of contacts. This paper will indicate how such extensive contact usage must in turn influence the architecture of the system as a whole, to a degree that is not commonly realized. One illustration relates especially to the case of electromechanical switching, using relays and connectors; and a second example refers to applications using electronic technology, where connector use continues to expand. This paper reviews those variables that control the physical design of contacting units, with emphasis on relays and connectors. Consideration is given to the influence of contact material and contact force; to the related effects of these on spring materials and shapes; and the consequences of these on magnet design if relay action is needed. The interplay of these relationships determines the structural design of the contacting unit-and this in its turn must influence the system as a whole.