Polarization-mode-dispersion emulator using variable differential-Group-delay (DGD) elements and its use for experimental importance sampling

Author

Yan, Lianshan ; Hauer, M.C. ; Shi, Y. ; Yao, X.S. ; Ebrahimi, P. ; Wang, Y. ; Willner, Alan E. ; Kath, W.L.

Author_Institution

Dept. of Electr. Eng. Syst., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Volume

22

Issue

4

fYear

2004

fDate

4/1/2004 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1051

Lastpage

1058

Abstract

We demonstrate a practical polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) emulator using programmable differential-group-delay (DGD) elements. The output PMD statistics of the emulator can be chosen by varying the average of the Maxwellian DGD distribution applied to each element. The emulator exhibits good stability and repeatability in a laboratory environment. In addition, we demonstrate how this emulator may be used to experimentally employ the powerful technique of importance sampling to quickly generate extremely low probability events. This technique is used to measure the Q-factor degradation due to both average and rare PMD values in a 10-Gb/s transmission system.

Keywords

Q-factor; delays; importance sampling; optical communication equipment; optical fibre communication; optical fibre dispersion; optical fibre polarisation; 10 Gbit/s; 10-Gb/s transmission system; Maxwellian DGD distribution; PMD statistics; Q-factor degradation; experimental importance sampling; low probability events; polarization-mode-dispersion emulator; programmable differential-group-delay elements; variable differential-group-delay elements; Birefringence; Computer simulation; Distortion measurement; Monte Carlo methods; Optical fiber communication; Optical fiber polarization; Optical fibers; Photonics; Probability distribution; Stability;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Lightwave Technology, Journal of

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0733-8724

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/JLT.2004.825327

Filename

1291549