Electromagnetic field formulation for eddy current calculations in nondestructive testing systems

The authors present the most practical configuration for detecting cracks in material, by applying an electromagnetic field along the largest dimension of the crack. An electromagnetic field formulation of the system equation is proposed using Maxwell´s relations and separating the magnetic field into externally applied field and reaction field. The system equation is solved by using two classical methods : finite element technic for spatial problem and finite difference for time discretisation. So two dimensional eddy currents can be calculated immediately and related to the excitation characteristics for impedance calculation. Eddy currents lines in material for different cracks and sensor positions are presented. Theoretical results show important impedance changes.