Statistical Approach to Quantify the Presence of Phase Coupling Using the Bispectrum

The bispectrum is a method to detect the presence of phase coupling between different components in a signal. The traditional way to quantify phase coupling is by means of the bicoherence index, which is essentially a normalized bispectrum. The major drawback of the bicoherence index (BCI) is that determination of significant phase coupling becomes compromised with noise and low coupling strength. To overcome this limitation, a statistical approach that combines the bispectrum with a surrogate data method to determine the statistical significance of the phase coupling is introduced. Our method does not rely on the use of the BCI, where the normalization procedure of the BCI is the major culprit in its poor specificity. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach using simulation examples that are designed to test its robustness against noise contamination as well as varying levels of phase coupling. Our results show that the proposed approach outperforms the bicoherence index in both sensitivity and specificity and provides an unbiased and statistical approach to determining the presence of quadratic phase coupling. Application of this new method to renal hemodynamic data was applied to renal stop flow pressure data obtained from normotensive (N = 7) and hypertensive (N = 7) rats. We found significant nonlinear interactions in both strains of rats with a greater magnitude of coupling and smaller number of interaction peaks in normotensive rats than hypertensive rats.