Direct controllability and observability time domain conditions of singular systems

Controllability and observability criteria for singular systems using direct formulas in the time domain are introduced. The method used is based on a direct expansion of the transfer function matrix via a Leverrier-type algorithm. Hence, no decomposition of the state-space model is needed and the criteria are implementable on a digital computer. The compact form of the matrices might be helpful in other analysis as well as synthesis problems in singular systems