بررسي عوامل مرتبط با احساس ناامني در محلات شهري؛ در ناحيه 3 منطقه 17 شهرداري تهران

Factors Related to Insecurity Feeling

مقدمه : در اين پژوهش، عوامل عمده مرتبط با احساس ناامني در ساكنان محلات شهري شناسايي و تجزيه و تحليل شده است. بر اين مبنا، راهكارها و پيشنهادهايي كاربردي براي ارتقاء احساس امنيت شهروندان در محل سكونت آنان ارائه شده است . روش: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع پيمايشي است. جامعه آماري را افراد بيش از شانزده سال در ناحيه سه از منطقه هفده شهرداري تهران تشكيل مي دهد. براي گردآوري داده ها از مصاحبه منظم استفاده شد؛ سپس اطلاعات به دست آمده را با استفاده از آزمون هاي تحليل واريانس (آزمون آماري F )، كاي اسكوير و آزمون دقيق فيشر تجزيه و تحليل گرديد. يافته ها: بين ساكنان محله هاي مورد مطالعه از نظر ميزان احساس ناامني تفاوت معنا داري وجود دارد. متغيرهاي سن، تعداد خانوار در واحد مسكوني و ميزان شناسايي محله توسط افراد مورد مطالعه عموماً در احساس ناامني ساكنان تاثيرگذار نيست؛ اما متغيرهايي همچون مدت زمان سكونت در محل و احساس تعلق مكاني افراد مورد مطالعه، به طور معناداري در احساس ناامني آنان موثر است. نتايج: بررسي به عمل آمده نشان مي دهد كه احساس ناامني ساكنان، به ترتيب، متاثر از جرائم خريد و فروش مواد مخدر، وجود اراذل و اوباش، مصرف مواد مخدر و حضور معتادان در محل، مزاحمت براي نواميس مردم و نزاع و درگيري بوده است. در مجموع، بين ساكنان محله هاي مورد مطالعه از نظر ميزان احساس ناامني تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد.

Introduction: In this research the effective factors on the Sense of insecurity are identified. Then on this basis with a preventive outlook، scientific and applied tactics are presented .Crime and the sense of insecurity in urban neighborhoods، particularly in large cities and metropolitan areas have been the main concern of both citizens and local authorities . Nowadays the insufficiency of the social sanctions and penalties regarding to the prevention and remedial measures of deviant behaviors and crimes in human societies resulted in a very rapid increase in the incidence of all types of crimes almost everywhere، both in less and highly developed industrialized countries. The aim of this research is to study; the sources of crimes، types of crimes and the factors which bring about unsafe and insecure environment in urban communities. To find an appropriate strategy to face with such a social obstacle is another part of the aim of this research. Urban spaces are the places which should bring about the feeling of pleasure and happiness for the citizens and improve the quality of life standards in urban communities. This can be possible only through designing and implementing a kind of comprehensive crime prevention plans and programs in large cities، particularly for their urban spaces. For this purpose، urban planners and social workers have to arrange team work of specialists in the related expertise and institutions to study and review the methods، policies، techniques and experiences of other societies all over the world. Then، they can present the optimum plan and framework for the practical measures regarding secure urban spaces. The main goal of the present research has been introducing the most appropriate strategies to recognize the methods of prevention of Insecurity in urban locals. To get this goal، the related theories reviewed and fieldwork research has also been performed. Method: The research method of this study is a survey kind. The study population of this research includes the residents of the neighborhoods of the 17 district of Tehran. Methodology of the research is based on descriptive analysis. The data have been gathered through field research، interview and filling out the related questionnaires. The respondents have been selected among the residents of the neighborhoods of the 17th. Region of the City of Tehran were selected as the site of the research. A part of the needed data and information and documents have been collected from libraries. After making a list and confirming the validity of questions by professors، its reliability was confirmed through alpha Coefficient. This information is gathered by systematic interviews. For data analysis and testing the hypothesis F، chi-square ( ) were used for describing the study population and from descriptive statistics. Spss software type 15.0 was used for data''s reductions. Findings: According to statistical analysis of the data، the main result was obtained: higher feeling of security among citizens in those places with more public spaces and amenities have been much more than those areas which had been vacant or have had less public spaces and facilities (i.e. Mix land use). The results also show that those places of the area under research which were dispersed and far from sight of the people have been used by the consumers of all types of drugs، particularly at the sunset and late evening. While those places which are crowded due to various kind of land use such as shops، mosques، main streets، well-lighted open spaces، etc. have been free from criminals as those places are always under the direct watch and inspection of the citizens. The results also indicated that 40 percent of the incidence of crimes was related to the drugs. Another important result is that like other socio-economic، political or hygienic issues، “prevention is better than cure” and applying the policy of “Nip in the bud” can play a very positive and effective role in keeping our neighborhoods far from crimes and criminals. Conclusion: To attain more secure and safe urban environment، we have to practice our social laws and regulations more strictly and vigorously. To get to such a condition، local authorities and other governmental and semi governmental organizations have to be supported by the citizens in various ways. For instance، the municipality ought to try to enhance the lighting of the streets، recreation areas، isolated corners، parks، bridges، etc. and put more policemen to control indefensible places of the neighborhoods at nights. This will be good to some extent to reduce the incidence of crimes; but will not be enough. Here the citizens themselves have to participate with the police via watching and inspecting their living environment carefully and responding to the authorities regarding what might be happened as deviancies or crimes in their living territories. The results showed that crime preventive measures in urban spaces can be very effective in enhancing the urban life security and safer urban environment for the citizens.