تأثير زمان و مقدار كاربرد علف كش سولفوسولفورون بر كنترل علف پشمكي ژاپني در ارقام مختلف گندم (Bromus japonicus Thunb)

The effect of time and rate of sulfosulfuron application on Bromus japonicus Thunb. control in different wheat cultivars

ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ ژاﭘﻨي.Bromus japonicus Thunb ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺑﺎرﯾﮏﺑﺮگ ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1393 و 1394 ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات زﻣﺎن و ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻋﻠﻒ ﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ در ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪم در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ زﻫﮏ، زاﺑﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم )ﻫﯿﺮﻣﻨﺪ، ﮐﻠﮏاﻓﻐﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن(، ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز (2-3 ﺑﺮﮔﯽ، 4-5 ﺑﺮﮔﯽ، ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ) و ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮف )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ، 27 ،22 ،17 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﺗﺠﺎري آﭘﯿﺮوس در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻫﻤﻪ ارﻗﺎم، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ 4-5 ﺑﺮﮔﯽ و ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن داد. در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﯽ ﻋﻠﻒﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ در رﻗﻢ ﻫﯿﺮﻣﻨﺪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻒﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺣﺘﯽ از ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ رﻓﺖ (𝐷50=28/3). در ﻫﻤﻪ ارﻗﺎم و ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ 22 و 27 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺎده ﺗﺠﺎري در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﮕﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺮخ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻒﭘﺸﻤﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﻫﯿﺮﻣﻨﺪ در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ (0/31=b) و ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﮐﻠﮏاﻓﻐﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ (0/14=b) ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮد.

Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thumb.) is the most important winter annual grass weed in the wheat fields of Sistan & Baloochestan province. During 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing season at Zahak Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station, Zabol, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of rate and time of sulfosulforoun application in order to control Japanese brome in different wheat cultivars. Three wheat cultivars (Hirmand, Kalak Afghani, Sistan), three stages of herbicide application (2-3 leaves, 4-5 leaves, tillering of B. japonicus) and four herbicide doses (control, 17, 22, 22 gr. ha-1) of the commercial form of Apirus 75% were arranged in a factorial experiment under a randomized completed blocks design. Japanese brome density and dry weight were measured 30 days after final herbicide application. We also evaluated biological and grain yields of wheat at harvest. In all cultivars, herbicide application at 4-5 leaves and tillering of Japanese brome showed the highest and lowest weed density and dry weight respectively. Based on a logistic model fitted to density data of Japanese brome, the estimated dose to 50% loss in Hirmand at tillering stage was more than labeled-recommendation dose of sulfosulforoun (𝐷50=28.3). The grain yield values in Hirmand and Kalak Afghani cultivars showed the highest and lowest in response to. Japanese brome density, respectively