خلافت الهي از منظر سهروردي، قرآن و سنت

Divine Governorship from Sohrevardi, Quran and Tradition's view

ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﮐﻤﺎل اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﺧﻼﻓﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ« از آن ﯾـﺎد ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد، در ﻃﻮل ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي دﯾﻨـﯽ و ﻓﮑـﺮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ.در ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻓﮑـﺮي ﺳﻬﺮوردي و در ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷـﺘﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺧﻼﻓﺖ اﻟﻬﯽ در دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ ﺳﻬﺮوردي ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و ﻧﻔﻮذ آﯾـﺎ رواﯾﺎت اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﺮ دو دﯾﺪﮔﺎه، اﻧﺴﺎن داراي ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻋﻠﻤـﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠـﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﺖ رﺳﺎﻧﺪن آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎم ﺟﺎﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ؛ اﻣـﺎ ﻣﯿـﺎن ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﯿﺦ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻠﯿﻔﻪ اﻟﻬﯽ ذﮐﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﯾﻌﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه رواﯾﺎت ﺷﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺧﻠﯿﻔﻪ ﺧﺪا ﺑﺮﻣﯽ ﺷﻤﺮد، اﺧـﺘﻼف ﭼﺸـﻤﮕﯿﺮي وﺟـﻮد دارد؛ ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮاين ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺎﻧﻪ اﻇﻬﺎر ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ آراء ﺳﻬﺮوردي ﺑﺎ آﯾﺎت و رواﯾﺎت ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﯽ دارد.

Human excellence which is called "Divine Governorship" in Quran, has been paid special attention thorough history in different religious and intellectual system. In Sohrevardi's intellectual system as well as Islamic tradition. The goal of this paper is to study the Divine Governorship issue in Sohrevardi's philosophical system by emphasizing the influence of Islamic tradition and Quran's verses. In both views, human owns both scientific and practical potentials which can be reach to the substitution level by turning it into act. But there is an outstanding difference between the proofs which sheikh claims for Divine Governorship with the ones that the Islamic tradition counts for "Deputy of God". Thus it couldn't be expressed definitely that there is harmony between Sohrevardi and verses or traditions.