شيوع شكايات اسكلتي عضلاني در قلمزنان شهر اصفهان در سال 1396

The prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in the city of Isfahan during 2017

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﻰ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎر، ﺷﺎﯾﻌﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﯾﻬﺎ و آﺳﯿﺒﻬﺎى ﺷﻐﻠﻰ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﻰ دﻫﺪ. ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳﺘﯽ از ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﭘﺮﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه از اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ وﻇﺎﯾﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﮑﺮاري و ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب را ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ-ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎر در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ، ﮐﺎرﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺻﻨﻔﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ-ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﻗﻠﻤﺰﻧﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1396 اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ در 249 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺷﺎﻏﻠﯿﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻗﻠﻤﺰﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﺮدي و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺪن اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روﺷﻬﺎي آﻣﺎري T test، و Mann-Whitney U test و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 16 SPSS آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ داده ﻫﺎ از ﺗﺴﺖ Kolmogorov-Smirnov اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ 89/4 درﺻﺪ از اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺧﻮد ﻧﺎراﺣﺘﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﯾﻌﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدن، ﮐﻤﺮ و ﭘﺸﺖ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﮐﺎري اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ، وﻟﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﺎري، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪﻧﯽ و ﺟﻨﺲ اﻓﺮاد راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺎت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ- ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ در ﺷﺎﻏﻠﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد، ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ.

Introduction: Mmusculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent diseases and occupational injuries of workers. Handicrafts of high-risk occupations are considered to impose tasks with repetitive nature and undesirable postures. Despite much research on musculoskeletal disorders due to work in industries, workshops have been less well received attention than other groups. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in Isfahan in 1396. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 249 employees in the industry. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire on personal characteristics and body scales. Data were analyzed using T-test, and Mann Whitney U test, by SPSS software (ver. 16). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test normality of data. Results: Findings showed that musculoskeletal complaints are frequent in this occupation, so that 89.4% of the subjects experienced at least one discomfort in one organ. The most common complaints were neck, waist, and back pain. With increasing age and work experience, complaints increased significantly, but there was not a significant relationship between the frequency of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders with working hours, body mass index and gender. Conclusion: Considering that skeletal musculoskeletal complaints were high in the occupations being studied in this profession, preventive measures and training programs in this group seems necessary.