مروري بر ابزار پشتيبان براي سياست‌گذاري متاثر از شواهد در نظام سلامت

A review of support tools for evidence-informed health policymaking

يكي از مهم­ترين دغدغه­هاي ذهني سياست­گذاران نظام سلامت هر كشوري، استفاده از بهترين شواهد پژوهشي موجود در تصميم­گيري­ها و سياست­گذاري­ها است. براي پاسخ مثبت به اين دغدغه­ها از رويكرد سياست­گذاري متأثر از شواهد استفاده مي­شود. رويكرد سياست­گذاري متأثر از شواهد، سياست­گذاران و حاميان آنان را قادر مي­سازد با استفاده از بهترين شواهد موجود تصميم­هاي آگاهانه اتخاذ كنند كه در نهايت به ارتقاي عملكرد نظام سلامت كشور منجر خواهد شد. با توجه به اهميت اين موضوع، اين مطالعه به شرح و تبيين سياست­گذاري متأثر از شواهد در نظام سلامت و ابزار پشتيبان براي حصول به اين سياست­گذاري مي­پردازد. در مطالعه مروري حاضر ابتدا با بهره­گيري از كليدواژه‌هاي مناسب پايگاه­هاي داده­اي داخلي و خارجي مورد جستجو قرار گرفت و مقاله­ها، گزارش­ها و كتب مرتبط با موضوع استخراج گرديد. با مطالعه منابع مرتبط ابتدا مباني و مفاهيم موضوع استخراج و شرح داده شد و سپس ابزار پشتيبان براي سياست­گذاري متأثر از شواهد استخراج و مطالب مرتبط دسته­بندي و خلاصه گرديد. فرايندهاي نظام‌مند شرح داده شده در اين مطالعه مي­توانند در مراحل مختلف پشتيباني از سياست­گذاري سلامت متأثر از شواهد، تعيين نيازهاي مرتبط با شواهد پژوهشي، يافتن شواهد و ارزيابي آن‌ها و گذر از شواهد پژوهشي به سمت اتخاذ تصميم‌هاي آگاهانه مورد استفاده قرار گيرند. رويكرد سياست­گذاري متأثر از شواهد، سياست‌گذاران، سياست سازان و تحليل­گران سياستي را قادر مي­سازد ارتباط مؤثرتري با پژوهشگران برقرار و با استفاده از بهترين شواهد موجود، تصميم‌هاي آگاهانه­تر و با اثربخشي بيشتر تدوين و اجرا كنند كه در نهايت ارتقاي عملكرد و تقويت نظام سلامت كشور را موجب گردد.

Decision making based on best available research evidence for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policies is one of the most important concerns of policy makers all over the world and policy-making in health systems is no exception. This approach, which is known as Evidence-informed policy making (STP), in recent years much attention has been paid to this approach. The objective of this study is to contribute to a wider understanding of (STP) and explain support tools to this policy making in health system. In this review article, different papers, reports and relative books were used in order to gather relevant information. They were identified through searching electronic databases using proper key words and reference scanning of key papers. The data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Systematic process that is explained in this study can be applied to support evidence-informed health policymaking. It highlights the importance and needs for identifying, assessing, synthesis and use of valid and reliable research evidence and provides suggestions regarding with these issues. An evidence-informed policymaking approach can enable policymakers, policy analysers to better communications with researchers. It also allows using relevant and best available evidence timely and effectively. It can facilitate well-informed decision-making process and may result in more effective and efficient policies in health systems.Decision making based on best available research evidence for increasing efficiency and effectiveness of policies is one of the most important concerns of policy makers all over the world and policy-making in health systems is no exception. This approach, which is known as Evidence-informed policy making (STP), in recent years much attention has been paid to this approach. The objective of this study is to contribute to a wider understanding of (STP) and explain support tools to this policy making in health system. In this review article, different papers, reports and relative books were used in order to gather relevant information. They were identified through searching electronic databases using proper key words and reference scanning of key papers. The data were synthesized using a narrative approach. Systematic process that is explained in this study can be applied to support evidence-informed health policymaking. It highlights the importance and needs for identifying, assessing, synthesis and use of valid and reliable research evidence and provides suggestions regarding with these issues. An evidence-informed policymaking approach can enable policymakers, policy analysers to better communications with researchers. It also allows using relevant and best available evidence timely and effectively. It can facilitate well-informed decision-making process and may result in more effective and efficient policies in health systems.