سنجش و رتبه بندي حس تعلق مكاني محلات بافت تاريخي گرگان

Assessing and rating sense of belonging in the neighborhoods of old district of Gorgan

حس تعلق به مكان به­ عنوان حسي بالنده ميان مردمي كه از اهداف مشتركي برخورداند، متضمن علاقه و دلبستگي افراد به آن مكان است و فضاهاي داراي اين كيفيات‌ در ذهن فرد نقش بسته و منجر به بازگشت فرد به آن مكان مي­شود. جاري كردن احساس تعلق به زيستگاه­هاي شهروندان، رويكرد نسبتا جديدي در مديريت فضاهاي عمومي شهر است كه به دنبال مكان­هاي سرزنده است. بافت تاريخي گرگان بعنوان هسته اصلي شهر، در معرض مشكلات زيادي قرار دارد كه بخشي از آن ناشي از كاهش حس تعلق مكاني ساكنان است. در اين ميان، پي بردن به عوامل تشكيل دهنده حس تعلق و جايگاه محلات بافت تاريخي گرگان اهميت دارند. لذا با مطالعات كتابخانه­اي، هنجارهاي موثر گردآوري شده و با بكارگيري تكنيك سلسله مراتبي فازي (FAHP)، وزن دهي شده­اند. در مرحله بعد گويه هاي مورد سنجش از طريق پرسش نامه در محلات ارزيابي شده و نتايج حاصل با روش TOPSIS رتبه بندي شدند. نتايج پژوهش نشان مي­دهد در رابطه با هنجارهاي بررسي شده نسبت به تعلق مكاني بيشترين اهميت را به ترتيب معيارهاي سرزندگي، دلبستگي به مكان، رضايتمندي از مكان و خاطرات جمعي كسب كرده­اند. همچنين رتبه بندي با روش تاپسيس نشان مي­دهد كه به ترتيب محلات سرچشمه (681/0)، نعلبندان (662/0)، پاسرو (625/0) و دباغان (533/0) داراي بيشترين نمره نهايي تعلق مكاني هستند. و از سوي ديگر محلات باغ پلنگ و شازده قاسم، مير كريم و چهارشنبه اي داراي كمترين نمرات نهايي تعلق مكاني هستند. محلات سرچشمه، نعبندان و پاسرو در بخش هايي از بافت تاريخي قرار گرفته اند كه داراي بيشترين سرزندگي هستند و مجموعه­اي از فعاليت­هاي متنوع كه در ساعات مختلف فعال هستند در آنها استقرار پيدا كردند. همچنين ابعاد ذهني (خاطرات جمعي، دلبستگي و وابستگي به مكان) و فعاليتي (رضايتمندي و سرزندگي)، بيشتري تاثير را در سنجش حس تعلق مكاني محلات بافت تاريخي گرگان داشته­ اند.

Sense of belonging to place as a growing sense between place and people with common goals contains interests and attachments of individuals to the place. Places with these qualities have distinct atmospheres that remain on the individuals mind and lead them to return to the place. It is obvious that these distinctions are trying to illustrate physical and social spaces of life, containing meanings and activities. Trying to give sense of belonging to settlements is a relatively new method in managing public urban spaces which aims to transform boring and abandoned spaces to vibrant and high quality places. Lack of smart and coherent thinking for a comprehensive guide in planning and design of urban historic areas is a threat to conserve identity and heritage of a cityOld quarter of Gorgan as one of the most important economic hubs of the city is facing with many challenges. part of these challenges are because of declining in sense of belonging to place in this area. The results of this declining are forming disease visual landscapes, incongruous buildings comparing with historic identity of place, population displacement and presence of immigrant and unfamiliar populations. to assess the sense of belonging, some questions can be regarded: What are the constituent factors of the sense of belonging? an‎d what are the conditions of Gorgan’s old neiborhoods in this sense? The aim of this paper, therefore, is assessing sense of belonging in traditional neighborhoods of Gorgan to compare the results between neighborhoods and find weaknesses and strengths of them in this field. Using library studies, criteria affecting sense of belonging are gathered by the view of urban professionals. Then normes and criteria are weighted by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). In the next step the assessed statements through questionnaires, observation and interviews in the neighborhoods analyzed in TOPSIS method. Between examined norms of sense of belonging to place, most important criteria were vitality, place attachment, satisfaction of place and collective memory in order. The results of rating by TOPSIS model indicate neighborhoods of Sarcheshme (0.681), Naalbandan (0.662), Pasarve (0.625) and Dabaghan (0.553) have got the most final scores, on the other hand, neighborhoods of Baghepalang and ShazdeGhasem, Mirkarim and Chaharshanbeyi have got the least final scores. Sarcheshme is located nearby Naalbandan and Pasarv where the main old Bazzar is located and It is in the center of old Gorgan where are relatively lively. Generally in the three dimensions of sense of belonging, subjective (durability, place attachment and dependency) and functional (Social interactions and vitality) dimensions had the most influences in assessing and rating of neighborhoods.