چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the Biological Nitrogen
Fixation (BNF) in pulse crops. The simple and interaction effects between microorganisms,
especially fungi, phosphate and Zinc (Zn) solubilizing microorganisms and Rhizobium bacteria
can have very effective impacts on nutrient uptake, plant height, branch number, germination,
plant growth, nodulation, BNF, colonization and yield in different plants. This study was done
to evaluate the effect of Phosphate, Nitrogen (N) and Zn bio-fertilizers on growth morphological
characteristics, nodulation, BNF and root colonization in two cultivars of bean.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out as a factorial in a randomized
complete design (RCD) with three replications. The research treatments consisted of two
cultivars of Pinto bean (Talash and Sadri), four levels of Phosphurus (P) (P0: Control, P1: Use of
triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizer on the basis of soil test, P2: 50 percentage of TSP
recommendation and phosphate bio-fertilizer that consist of of inoculum of Funneliformiss
mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Clariodeoglomus etunicatum with Azotobacter bacteria
and P3: Use of P bio-fertilizer), three levels of N (N0: Control, N1: Use of urea and N2: Use of
biological Nitrogen that consist of Rhizobium legominosarium bv. phaseoli strain 133-136-111
inoculation) and Zn (Zn0: Control, Zn1: 50 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 and Zn2: Use of biological Zn consist
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MPFM and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 187 inoculum).
Grain inoculation was done in shadow and after drying, inoculated grains were immediately
cultivated. The measured properties consist of morphological growth characteristics, nodulation,
nodule number and root colonization.
Results: The results of experiment indicated that the effect of cultivar, P, N and Zn treatments
was significant on studied parameters. The maximum of these parameters was obtained from
Sadri cultivar, P2, P3, N2 and Zn2 bio treatments. The highest of studied parameters was obtained
from P2Zn2, P2N2 and N2Zn2 treatments among the dual interaction effects. The concurrent
inoculation of bean with mixture of mycorhizae + Azetobacter + R. leguminosarum +
Pseudomonas significantly increased plant wet weight and nodule number. The triple interaction
effect was significance on plant wet weight and nodule number only. The maximum amount of
plant wet weight (45.3 gram per pot) and nodule number per shrub (28 nodules) were obtained
from P2N2Zn1 and P3N2Zn2 treatments respectively. Despite the lack of significance difference
interactions between triplicate treatments, the maximum amount of nodule grade, colonization
percentage and BNF, 16.4, 44.9 percent and 64.4 Kg ha-1 respectively were obtained from P3N2Zn2 treatment. Also, the highest amount of plant dry weight, the number of germinated
shrub and emergency speed, 22.5 g pot-1, 4.3 shrub pot-1 and 0.54 shrub day-1 respectively were
obtained from the combined treatments of P2N2Zn2 and P2N2Zn3.
Conclusion: The maximum of studied parameters was obtained from P2, P3, N2 and Zn2 which
represents the effective role of mycorrhizae fungi, phosphate and Zn solubilizing bacteria in
increasing growth morphological properties, wet and dry weight, nodulation, colonization, BNF
and reduction of P and N fertilizers. The studied parameters were increased with ombined using
of double and triple of phosphate, nitrogen and zinc biotreatments. The combined use of
phosphate, nitrogen and zinc, P2N2Zn2 treatment, is recommended to increase the morphological
growth characteristics, nodulation and other studied parameters in this experiment.
