ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺑﺎدي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺎكﭘﻮشﻫﺎي ﻣﻼس و ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﺳﯿﺎه

Investigation of Mechanical Behavior of Inflatable Sand Using Malass and Black Liqueur

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺪﯾﺮت ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎي روان و ﮐﻨﺘـﺮل ﮔﺮدوﻏﺒـﺎر اﺳـﺖ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮريﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﻮاع ﺧﺎكﭘﻮشﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﺧﺎكﭘﻮشﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ، ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎي روان ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻣﮑﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﺳﯿﺎه و ﻣﻼس ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺧﺎكﭘﻮش ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎي روان ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ از ﻣﺎﺳﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎن رﯾﮓﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﺷﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎ از ﺳﯿﻨﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ اﺑﻌﺎد 100×30×2 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻼس، ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﺳﯿﺎه و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﯾﮏﻻﯾﻪ و دوﻻﯾﻪ از ﭘﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﻪ 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑـﺮار اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮوروي، ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﯽ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ اﺷﺒﺎع و ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آب اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ و دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار آﻣﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮوروي ﺧﺎكﭘﻮشﻫﺎي ﻣﻼس و ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﺳﯿﺎه دوﻻﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 9/8 و 7/8 ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﻧﯿﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ دو ﻧـﻮع ﺧـﺎكﭘﻮش اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )آب( دارﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮوروي و ﺑﺮﺷﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﻼس اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮوروي را 9/8 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﯽ را 14 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻔﻮذ در ﺧﺎكﭘﻮش ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﯾﮏﻻﯾﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎكﭘﻮش ﻣﻼس و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )آب(، داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري اﺳﺖ درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻔﻮذ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻟﯿﮑﻮر ﯾﮏﻻﯾﻪ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻧﻔﻮذ را 0/4 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﻣﻼس ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ داﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺮوروي و ﺑﺮﺷﯽ و ﻧﻔﻮذﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ازآﻧﺠﺎﮐﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮاد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و آﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ از ﻣﺰﯾﺖﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎوﺟﻮداﯾﻦ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ.

One of the main challenges of land degradation management in arid and desert areas of Iran is the stabilization of sand as well as the control of dust; therefore the use of mulches, particularly eco-friendly mulch, is one of the ways to stabilize sand used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using residues such as black liqueur and malass as mulch to stabilize the sand. To prepare the substrate for treatments in the laboratory environment, Rig Boland sandy of Kashan was used. Metal trays with dimensions of 100 × 30 × 2 cm were used for the experiments. For spraying of malass, black liquor and control treatments in a single layer and double layer of 2.5-liter sprinkler were applied and a completely randomized design with three replications was performed. To evaluate the performance of these materials, the shear strength, saturation, and dry strength and water permeability were measured and the data were analyzed by appropriate statistical software. In vitro results showed that the penetration resistance of molasses and black liqueur mulches were 9.8 and 7.8 kN/m2, respectively. These two types of mulch have significant differences with each other and with control (water) treatment. The highest penetration and shear strength were related to Malass treatment, which increased the penetration resistance by 9.8 times and the shear resistance by 14 times. The infiltration rate in one-layer liqueur mulch was significantly different compared to Malass and control (water) mulches, while the infiltration rate decreased with increasing thickness.