مقايسه نگرش دانشجويان و فارغ‌التحصيلان كاردرماني نسبت به سالمندي

Comparing the Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Students and Alumni Towards Old People

كاركنان بهداشتي نگرش‌ها و باورهاي متفاوتي نسبت به سالمندان دارند و داشتن نگرش منفي به سالمندان مي‌تواند بر ارائه خدمات اثر بخش به آنان اثر گذارد. بنابراين هدف از اين مطالعه بررسي نگرش دانشجويان و فارغ‌التحصيلان كاردرماني نسبت به سالمندي است. مواد و روش ها اين پژوهش از نوع مقطعي‌تحليلي است و روي 125 نفر از دانشجويان ترم هفت به بالاي رشته كاردرماني در مقطع كارشناسي و فارغ‌التحصيلان كارشناسي و بالاتر با ميانگين سني 4/22±24/1 سال (70 زن و 55 مرد) انجام شد. روش نمونه‌گيري به صورت دردسترس (غير احتمالي) از جامعه آماري بود. ابزار جمع‌آوري داده‌ها شامل پرسش‌نامه نگرش به سالمندي كوگان و پرسش‌نامه جمعيت‌شناختي بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از نسخه 17 نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون‌هاي كروسكال واليس و يومن ويتني بررسي شدند. يافته ها ميانگين نگرش كار درمانگران نسبت به پديده سالمندي 151/448 بود كه نگرشي متوسط است. بيشترين نمره نگرش مربوط به افراد مقطع دكترا، افراد با سابقه كاري بيش از 5 سال و افراد شاغل در حوزه كاري روان بود. ميانگين نمره نگرش افراد با تجربه مسئوليت مراقبت از سالمند و افراد فاقد اين تجربه 151 بود. تنها بين نمره نگرش و مقطع تحصيلي افراد ارتباط معنادار بود (0/05>P)، ولي بين نمره نگرش با سابقه كاري، حوزه كاري و تجربه مراقبت از سالمند، ارتباط معناداري وجود نداشت(0/05

Objectives Healthcare providers have different attitudes toward old people; such an attitude can impact providing effective services to them. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the attitudes of Occupational Therapy (OT) students and alumni towards the elderly. Methods & Materials A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 125 students and alumni of OT with a Mean±SD age of 22.4±1.24 years (70 women, 55 men). The subjects were selected using convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Kogan’s Attitude Toward Old People (KAOP) scale and a demographic data questionnaire. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results The mean score of attitudes of occupational therapists toward elderly was 151.448; i.e. an intermediate attitude. The highest scores regarded to the subjects with a PhD, subjects with ≥5 years of practical experience, and those working in the psychiatry field. The mean scores of subjects with an experience of caring for the elderly and those without such experience were the same (mean=151). There was a statistically significant relationship (P<0.05) between attitude score and educational grade of the subjects; however, there was no significant relationship between attitude score and practical experience, working field and the experience of providing care to the elderly (P>0.05). Conclusion The attitudes of occupational therapists towards the elderly tend to be positive; however, because of their high contacts with old people, this attitude score is not enough. the obtained results can be used as a basis for developing programs of attitude promotion towards the elderly in future studies.