پديد آورندگان :
داستاني، محبوبه دانشگاه شهاب دانش قم , روشن، رسول دانشگاه شاهد تهران , جان بزرگي، مسعود پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه قم , شعيري، محمدرضا دانشگاه شاهد تهران , آقايي، الهام دانشگاه شاهد تهران
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف
افسردگي از بيماري هاي رواني بسيار شايع است. به منظور درمان و جلوگيري از عود مكرر اين بيماري لازم است اطلاعاتي درباره روش هاي درمان و ميزان تاثيري كه اين درمان ها دارند، كسب كرد. دراين باره، فراتحليل با يكپارچه كردن نتايج حاصل از انجام دادن تحقيقات مختلف، ميزان آثار روش هاي درمان را مشخص مي كند. پژوهش حاضر نيز بر آن بود تا با استفاده از الگوي پژوهشي فراتحليل، ميزان اثرگذاري رويكردهاي مبتني بر معنويت و مذهب را بر كاهش نشانه هاي افسردگي بررسي كند.
روش بررسي
كليدواژه هاي جست وجو شده شامل درمان، روان درماني، مداخله، روان درمانگري، آموزش، مشاوره، معنويت، معنوي، مذهبي، افسرده و افسردگي بود. ملاك هاي ورود براي فراتحليل عبارت بودند از: 1.پژوهش ها به صورت آزمايشي و شبه آزمايشي باشد؛ 2. حداقل يك گروه آزمايشي وجود داشته باشد؛ 3.ابزارهاي اندازه گيري از پايايي و روايي كافي برخوردار باشد؛ 4. موضوع پژوهش رويكردهاي مبتني بر مذهب و معنويت در افسردگي باشد؛ 5. بررسي در قالب پژوهش گروهي صورت گرفته باشد (موردي نباشد)؛ 6.مداخلات حضوري باشد (اينترنتي، تلفني يا... نباشد). بدين منظور، سيزده پژوهش كه از لحاظ روش شناختي موردقبول بود، انتخاب شد و فراتحليل بر روي آن ها انجام گرفت. ابزار پژوهش عبارت بود از: چك ليست تحليل محتوا و نرم افزار CAM2.
يافته ها
يافته هاي پژوهش نشان داد اندازه اثر رويكردهاي مبتني بر مذهب و معنويت بر كاهش نشانه هاي افسردگي 0٫85 بود (0٫001>p) اين اندازه اثر مطابق جدول كوهن در حد بالا ارزيابي شد.
نتيجه گيري
با توجه به بافت فرهنگي و اجتماعي ايران، اندازه كارايي درمان هاي مبتني بر معنويت و مذهب، در كاهش نشانه هاي افسردگي مشخص شد. بنابراين بهتر است درمانگران در درمان هاي خود بافت فرهنگي و مذهبي جامعه را نيز در نظر بگيرند.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that has been increasing over the past fifty years and is
considered the most common cause of hospitalization. Mainly, depressed people are self–assimilated and self–assertive, attention is paid to the
positive effects of religion and spirituality is essential in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. The present study aimed to investigate
the effect of religious–spiritual approaches on decreasing depression syndromes in Iran using a meta–analysis model.
Methods: This research was a review study. The statistical population consisted of theses and research published in scientific and research
journals that have been conducted over the past twelve years (2004–2015) in the field of spirituality and religion–based depression approaches
in Iran. In this research, 13 articles that had criteria for entry, and they had an adequate sample size and methodologically. Sources of research
in the present study consisted of Master's and Ph.D. thesis of Universities, scientific–research journals in the field of psychology, information
resources of the Jihad University, and documents center of Iran. The search keywords included treatment, psychotherapy, intervention,
psychotherapy, education, counseling, spirituality, spiritual, religious, depressed, and depression. Including criteria for the meta–analysis were
experimental and quasi–experimental research; with at least one experimental group; measurement tools were sufficient reliability and validity;
the topic of research had religion–based approaches and spirituality in depression; the study conducted in the form of group research; in–person
intervention (without internet and telephone). A content analysis checklist was used to selected research papers with inclusion criteria and
extracting the necessary information to perform their meta–analysis. The checklist included the following components: title of research on
depression, full details of the executives, had study year, implementation of the study, hypotheses, data collection tools, statistical population
and sample size. A significance level of tests that used in this research was performed based on Kuhn's meta–analysis steps. The data was
analyses by CMA2 software.
Results: The best estimate for impact of spirituality and religion–based approaches on depression was 0.48, which was roughly high according
to the Cohen's (1988) coefficient of interpretation (spirituality–based approaches and religion had a modest effect on depression).
Conclusion: Discrepancies are effective interventions to reduce depression; it seems that a meta–analysis will help clarify the actual impact of
interventions on depression symptoms and will determine the degree of effectiveness. Overall, the results of this study showed that spiritual and
behavioral therapies could be effective in reducing the symptoms of depression, but a closer examination of the study revealed the basic
difficulties in reporting and the quality of their performance. It seems that conducting accurate research based on the theoretical, scientific
background, using authoritative sources related to the teachings, concepts of religion, Islamic culture treatment of depression is essential. It is
necessary to study on validity and effectiveness of the procedure and to compare its efficacy with standard golden treatment. It can be said that
multi–drug therapy needs to design to Iranian–culture that can increase the effectiveness of secular remedies on Iranian society. Based on these
findings, therapists could select and execute treatment patterns appropriate to the problems encountered, and to achieve better and more reliable
outcomes.
