پيش بيني كيفيت خواب براساس سرسختي روان شناختي و شادكامي در سالمندان

The Prediction of Sleep Quality Based on Psychological Hardiness and Happiness in the Elderly

از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺟﺰء اﻗﺸﺎري ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺳﻦ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاب ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب از روي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻘﯿﻢ در ﺳﺮاي ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ 120 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺪ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آﮐﺴﻔﻮرد و ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﭘﯿﺘﺰﺑﺮگ ﺑﻮد. دادهﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ )ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﺗﻌﻬﺪ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶﺟﻮﯾﯽ( و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ 0/47 ،0/44 و 0/38 وﺟﻮد دارد، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﻮاب ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ 0/56 وﺟﻮد دارد )0/001

Since the elderly are mostly exposed to sleep problems due to old age, this study aimed to predict the quality of sleep in elderly based on psychological hardiness and happiness variables. It was a descriptive-correlational study. To do this, a sample of 120 people was selected among all non-resident elderly people in Kermanshah elderly Homes in 2018 using convenience sampling method. The research instruments included Haddad et al. psychological hardiness questionnaire, oxford happiness questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results suggested correlation coefficients of 0.44, 0.47 and 0.38 between the components of psychological hardiness (control, commitment and challenge) and sleep quality, respectively. Also, there was a correlation of 0.56 between happiness and sleep quality (P<0.001). Therefore, it can be said that psychological hardiness and happiness can predict %49 of the quality of sleep in the elderly. Considering the results, it was suggested that health professionals, especially those associated with the elderly, could pay a particular attention to the important role of such variables as happiness.