رويكردي تحليلي بر كيفيت نور طبيعي در فضاي گنبدخانه مسجد سپهسالار (مدرسه شهيد مطهري)

(An Analytical Approach to the Quality of Natural Light within the Vault of Sepahsalar Mosque (Shahid Motahari School

نور ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪه روﺷﻨﺎيﯽ در ﺑﻨﺎي ﺗﺎريﺨﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻓﻀﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻪﺳﺰايﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻌﻤﺎران ايﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻮر را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪي ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ داﺧﻞ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻫﺪايﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺪيﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ايﺠﺎد ﻓﻀﺎيﯽ از ﻧﻮر و ﺗﺎريﮑﯽ، ﻓﻀﺎي يﮑﭙﺎرﭼﻪاي را ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﺌﻮال اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ايﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮر ﺧﻮرﺷﯿﺪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﻨﺒﺪﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺎ ايﺠﺎد ﺳﺎيﻪ و روﺷﻦ و ﺗﺎريﮑﯽ، ﻓﻀﺎﺳﺎزي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮر در ايﺠﺎد ﺣﺲ ﻗﺪاﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺮاب اﺻﻠﯽ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ؟. ﺑﻪ ايﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﻧﻮرﺳﻨﺠﯽ، ﻧﻮر ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﺒﺴﺘﺎن و ﻣﺤﺮاب ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ديﺎﻟﻮﮐﺲ 7 ﺳﯿﺮ ﻧﻮر ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﮐﻞ ﺳﺎل ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي و ﺑﻪ واﮐﺎوي و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎيﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان درﺧﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻮر در ﮐﻠﯿﻪ روزﻫﺎي ﺳﺎل در زﻣﺎن اذان ﻇﻬﺮ در ﻣﺤﺮاب ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮيﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰايﺶ ﺣﺲ ﻗﺪاﺳﺖ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﻣﺤﺮاب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻓﻀﺎي ﮔﻨﺒﺪﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ديﻮارﻫﺎي ﺟﺪاﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ در اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﻮرﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻧﻮر ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ رويﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺟﺎيﮕﺎه ﻧﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در ﻣﺴﺠﺪ اﺳﺖ.

Natural light as the only source of light in historical buildings can play a crucial role in changing interior spaces. Iranian architects artistically directed the light beams to the interior and partitioned integrated spaces without using separation elements or materials. The main question of this study is how does sunlight create spaces within southern vault of the mosque by establishing a combination of light, shade, and darkness and what is the role of light is in spiritualization of the main altar of the mosque?. For this purpose, the light intensity was measured in the southern Shabestan and altar using devices and a 12-month light travel simulation was performed by DIALux evo 7.0 and the data were analyzed. The results show that luminance is the highest at noon prayer time every day in a year, promoting the spiritual space of the altar. Also, intensity of the light with aforementioned functions within the vault instead of using separation walls resulted in functional separation of the spaces. The difference of the present study with previous ones is the use of photometric devices and quantitative analysis of the light in order to reach an analytical approach and to explain the importance of divine light in mosques.