كليدواژه :
مهرپرستي , نقش , سفال نيشابور , دوره سامانيان
چكيده فارسي :
سفالينه‌ها، دست‌ساخته‌هايي هستند كه نقوش شان رازهايي از گذشتگان به همراه دارند. ظروف سفالين، همواره وسيله‌اي مناسب جهت بيان تخيلات، اعتقادات و آيين‌هاي مردم زمان خود با استفاده از نقاشي و پرداخت نقوش بوده‌اند. در اين ميان سفالينه‌هاي نيشابور در دوره سامانيان از جايگاه ويژه‌اي برخوردارند. اين سفالينه‌ها به نوعي حلقه رابط ميان دو دوره از مهم‌ترين دوره‌هاي تاريخ هنر ايران، يعني هنر قبل و پس از اسلام، هستند و در بر‌گيرنده نقوش و تصاوير نماديني كه با آيين و رسوم اديان پيش از اسلام در ايران ارتباط تنگاتنگ دارند. برخي از نقوش اين سفالينه‌ها واجد مضاميني مأخوذ از آيين مهرپرستي است؛ مهرپرستي يكي از مذاهب آييني مورد توجه و مطرح در ايران طي قرون متمادي پيش از ظهور اسلام است و در دوره اسلامي ايران نيز به صورتي ديگر تداوم يافته است. در اين مقاله، كه از جمله پژوهش هاي كيفي است، به بررسي تأثيرات اين آيين كهن ايراني بر نقوش سفال‌هاي نيشابور در دوره سامانيان اشاره مي‌شود. اين تأثيرات در برخي از اين نقوش به صورت مستقيم و در برخي به صورت رمزي و در پوشش نمادهاي برگرفته از آيين مهرپرستي مشهود است. گفتار حاضر با استفاده از روش توصيفي- تحليلي عهده‌دار بررسي اين تأثيرات است.
چكيده لاتين :
Pottery is one of the most ancient arts which since
ancient times has been a manifestation of the beliefs and
the thoughts of various nations. Potteries are hand-crafted
works that their designs have symboles from the past
people with them. Pottery dishes have always been an
appropriate means of expressing imagination, beliefs and
customs of the people of its time through utilizing drawing
and creation of designs. Among them, the Neyshabur
pottery in the Samanian Era has a special place. These
potteries are a kind of link between two periods of the
most important periods in the history of Iranian art, pre
and post-Islamic art, and include iconic designs and
images closely related to the rituals and customs of the
pre-Islamic religions in Iran. Some of the designs of these
potteries have themes derived from the ritual of Mithraism;
Mithraism is one of the most prominent religions in Iran
over the centuries before the advent of Islam. Mithraism is
based on the worship of Mithra, ancient god and god of the
sun, justice, covenant, and the Aryans brought it to Iran. In
this ritual, the worship of fire and the forces of nature and
magic have been used. The ritual of the pre-Islamic era
was widely spread. It also influences on the other religions
and has persisted in the Islamic era of Iran in another way.
Samanian era is one of the most prominent historical
periods in the Islamic era of Iran. This period is exclusive
and important course from different views. From one hand
scientific and cultural achievements, governance, social
and administrative principles, on the other hand, based
on the historian’s quotations. Cities of Khorasan such
as Neyshabur were the important sites for scientific and
theological activities. Since Neyshabur was located on
the path of the Silk Road and was considered the cultural
junction point of the East, Iran and Islam, much symbolism
could be seen in the design of the potteries in these
centuries. This symbolism has originated from the religion
and the ancient traditions.
During the Samanid era, with the support of the Iranian
dynasty, the Persian language and Persian literature
flourished and Persian works apperead. Based on the
collaboration of Samanid rulers, some national ancient
customs and rituals stabilized. in this era, as the result of
adopting a tolerance and moderation policy, followers of
different beliefs and sects worked free of any limitations.
studying the symbols which are reflection on the potteries
show that Some ancient symbols were changed with the
arrival of Islam and Some symbols used are the same
before and after Islam. Some of these symbols related with
ritual of Mithraism.
This article examines the effects of Mithraism, this ancient
Persian ritual on the designs of Neyshabur’s pottery in
the Samanian era. These effects are evident in some of
these designs directly and in some in a coded way and
in the form of a symbolic representation of the ritual of
Mithraism. The present paper is responsible for examining
these effects.
