بررسي اثر نوع ريزنمونه و سطوح مختلف تنظيم‌كننده‌هاي رشد بر كال‌زايي و باززايي در گياه دارويي بابونه (Matricariaaurea L.)

Effect of explant types and different levels of plant growth regulators on callogenesis and regeneration in medicinal plant, Matricaria aurea

ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ )Matricaria aurea L.( ﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه داروﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ و ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻛﺎﺳﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي در داروﺳﺎزي،ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ، آراﻳﺸﻲ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻲﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه، ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آن ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زﻣﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎز ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎء ﻛﺎﻟﻮس و ﺑﺎززاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﻜﺮار روي ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ MS اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻫﺮ دو آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ NAA و BAP ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه دو رﻳﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺸﺖ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن رﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( اﻟﻘﺎي ﻛﺎﻟﻮس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻟﻘﺎي ﻛﺎﻟﻮس رﻳﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻲ 0/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ BAP( ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐﻫﺎي 0/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ BAP( و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ BAP( ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻟﻘﺎي ﻛﺎﻟﻮس رﻳﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ﺑﺮگ 100 درﺻﺪ( ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. رﻳﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮگ در ﺳﻄﺢ 2 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 1/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ BAP ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 15/31 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﻮس را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎززاﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ 85/59 درﺻﺪ(، درﻛﺎﻟﻮسﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮگ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻲ 0/5 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ NAA و 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻲﮔﺮم در ﻟﻴﺘﺮ BAP ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ

Matricaria aureais an important medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae, the widely used in the phrmacetical, food and cosmetics industrial. According to importance of this plant, the aim of current study was optimizing tissue culture in Matricaria aurea. In order to optimize of tissue culture two experiments, callus induction and indirect regeneration were carried out. These experiments were laid out in factorial arrangement based on completely randomized designs (CRD) with three replications on MS base medium. In these experiments, various levels of plant growth regulators, NAA (0, 0.5, 1and 2 mg/l) and BAP (0, 0.5, 1and 1.5mg/l), with two explant types (stem and leaves) were compared. The results showed that was not observed in growth hormone-free medium (control). Results showed that callus induction was occurred fast in all explants in combination of NAA (0.5 mg/l) and BAP (1 mg/l). The best combinations of plant growth regulators for callus induction were 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP and 1 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP for stem and leaves (100%) respectively. Interaction of different concentration of NAA and BAP was significant for callus diameter trait and leaf explant in combination of 2 mg/l NAA + 1.5 mg/l BAP was the highest callus diameter with mean of 15.31 mm. We observed maximum of indirect regeneration percentage (85.59%) in calli derived from leaf in medium with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP.