كليدواژه :
عدم تقارن اطلاعا , شركتهاي اعتبارسنجي , تشريك اطلاعات اعتباري , انجام كسب و كار , آئيننامۀ نظام سنجش اعتبار
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه بيشتر كشورهاي جهان بهبود فضاي كسب و كار و رفع موانع براي فعاليت بخش خصوصي را بهعنوان يكي از راهبردهاي توسعۀ اقتصادي خويش برگزيدهاند؛ رويكردي كه راه را بر جذب سرمايهگذاري و افزايش اشتغال نيروهاي انساني نيز هموار خواهد كرد. بر اين اساس، بانك جهاني با ارائۀ شاخصهايي بهبود فضاي كسب و كار در كشورها را ميسنجد كه شاخص أخذ اعتبار يكي از سرآمدترين اين شاخصهاست. چه اينكه اعتبار يكي از اساسيترين منابع تأمين مالي فعاليتهاي اقتصادي است. اعطاي اعتبار نيز همچون ساير انواع فعاليتهاي اقتصادي نيازمند اطلاعات است. اطلاعات ارزشمندي كه تنها از بههم پيوستن منابع اطلاعاتي و از طريق واسطههاي تشريك اطلاعات اعتباري (شركتهاي اعتبارسنجي) دستيافتني خواهد بود. تشريك اطلاعات اعتباري در قالب شركتهاي سنجش اعتبا، در كشور ما امري نوپا و با سابقۀ قانوني نهچندان ديرينه است. اگرچه جايگاه حقوقي چنين نهادهايي مستلزم تعيين از جانب قانون است، مراتب مربوط به آن در قالب آئيننامهاي با عنوان آئيننامۀ نظام سنجش اعتبار تبيين شده است؛ حال آنكه بهنظر ميرسد بهبود رتبۀ فضاي كسب و كار ايران و توسعۀ اقتصادي مستلزم ايجاد بسترهاي نهادي و اقتصادي و بهخصوص قانون پيرامون شركتهاي سنجش اعتبار است. اهميت و بداعت موضوع و همچنين نوباوگي آئيننامۀ نظام سنجش اعتبار، تدقيق و تحليل اهل فن را ميطلبد. اميد كه اين نوشتار بارقهاي در اين خصوص باشد.
كليدواژهها
چكيده لاتين :
Nowadays, most countries worldwide have chosen the improvement of their business environment and removing barriers to private sector’s activity as one of their economic development strategies; such approach clearly paves the way toward attracting investment and boosting employment. Accordingly, the World Bank measures the improvement of the business environment in countries with the aid of some indicators, among which getting credit is of utmost importance. It is obvious that credit is one of the most fundamental sources of financing economic activities. Iran's rank in this index in 2020 was 127th out of 190 with a score of 58.5. This rating was based on the average rank of countries in the business elements. In the Business Report for 2019, Iran was ranked 128th with a score of 56/98
Giving credit, like other types of economic activities, needs valuable information which can principally be achieved by joining information sources and by using the intermediaries of credit information sharing (credit rating agencies). Credit information sharing in the form of credit rating agencies is relatively a newborn legal issue in Iran and its legal history is not so week. Although, the legal status of such agencies needs to be preferably determined by the statue, currently a bylaw, the so called Credit Rating Regime Bylaw, discusses its relevant issues. However, it seems that the improvement of the Iran's business environment ranking and economic development necessitates to establish the institutional, economic, and more importantly legal framework of such credit rating agencies. The importance and novelty of this subject matter as well as its relevant recently issued bylaw requires its research and scrutiny by the experts.
It should be noted that in Iran, unlike in many developed countries, the sharing of commercial credit information was limited to communications between banks and some insurance companies, and it is not too late to establish a database for collecting credit data and credit rating companies.