كليدواژه :
آبخوان اصلي همدان- بهار , روش‌هاي معين , زمين آمار , كيفيت آب زيرزميني
چكيده فارسي :
زﻣﯿﻨﻪ وﻫﺪف: آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ارزشﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ آب ﺷﺮب، ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ دراﮐﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﯾﺮان ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب-ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﺛﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن وﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺻﻼح ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آنﻫﺎ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﻧﻤﻮدن ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﻪاي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ روش ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺠﺎز و آﻟﻮده در ﻣﺼﺎرف ﮐﺸﺎورزي در دﺷﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و روﻧﺪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ در ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ دورهي 10 ﺳﺎﻟﻪي آﻣﺎري ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ دﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﺪان- ﺑﻬﺎر در ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎزهي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 10 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري، ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺧﺸﮏ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺬب ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﺑﯽ ﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت، PH، ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻠﺮ و ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي زﻣﯿﻦآﻣﺎر از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ)OK(، )ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﺳﻤﯽ وارﯾﻮﮔﺮام داﯾﺮهاي، ﮔﻮﺳﯽ، ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ، ﮐﺮوي( و روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﻋﮑﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ IDW، ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽ RBF، ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦﮔﺮ ﻋﺎم GPI و ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﯽ LPI ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ARCGIS9.3 ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ روش ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﻮري )EC( روش ﻋﮑﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ IDW، ﺑﺎﻗﯽﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺧﺸﮏTDS)( روش ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽRBF)(، ﺑﯽﮐﺮﺑﻨﺎت)HCO3( روش ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ)OK( )ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ(، )PH( روش ﻋﮑﺲ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪIDW)(، ﮐﻠﺮCL)( ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽRBF)(، ﺳﺪﯾﻢNa)( روش ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ)OK( )ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ( و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺬب ﺳﺪﯾﻢ)SAR( روش ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﯽRBF)( در آﺑﺨﻮان اﺻﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﺪان- ﺑﻬﺎر ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
ﺑﺤﺚ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي84 ، 88 و 93 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آﺑﺨﻮان ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ دورهي 10ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات در ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺎز آن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺼﺎرف ﮐﺸﺎورزي )Na<3( از ﺳﺎل 84 ﺗﺎ 93 ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 3/21 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objective: Groundwater is the valuable resources for drinking, agriculture and industry uses in the most regions of Iran. Groundwater qualitative changes can be created by human activity and industrial development. Study of these resources is necessary in order to maintaining and improving their quality. The objective of this study is zoning and regional the specification parameters point of the case study. Finally determined the best method for zoning the each of the variables and permitted and infect areas in agricultural uses. In addition behavior variables were investigated in the 10 year period of time.
Method: Qualitative data of Hameda-Bahar plain in Ten-year period were used in this study. Variables such as EC, TDS, SAR, HCO3, PH, Cl & Na evaluated by Geostatical methods include of Ordinary Kriging(OK),(by Circular, Gaussian, Exponential and spherical Semivariogram Modeling) and the specific methods include inverse distance weights (IDW), radial basis functions (RBF), global polynomial interpolator (GPI) and local polynomial interpolator (LPI), were zoning with ARCGIS9.3. Findings: Results indicated that the best method to zoning the qualitative parameters were IDW (EC), RBF (TDS), OK exponential semivariogram (HCO3), IDW (PH), RBF (Cl), OK exponential semivariogram (Na) and RBF (SAR) in Hamedan-Bahar plain. According to the best method the zoning of parameters was done for 2005, 2009 and 2014 years.
Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that Na had the maximum changes in ground water during the study period. The area percent for this parameter increased 3.21% from 2005 to 2014.
