ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت روﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻮزﻧﯽﺑﺮگ ﺗﺤﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺟﺎذب رﻃﻮﺑﺖ در ﭘﺎرك ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺳﺎوه

The Study on Vegetative Traits of Coniferous Species under Irrigation with Hydrophilic Polymer in Forest Park of Saveh

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﺸــﮏ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دورهﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﻓﻀــﺎي ﺳــﺒﺰ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞﮐﺎري ﺿــﺮورت دارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷــﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼــﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺻــﻠﯽ دوره آﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳـﻮزﻧﯽﺑﺮگ ارس، ﺳـﺮو ﻧﻘﺮهاي، ﺳﺮو ﺧﻤﺮهاي، ﺳﺮو ﺷﯿﺮاز، زرﺑﯿﻦ، ﮐﺎج ﺗﻬﺮان، ﮐﺎج ﺑﺮوﺳﯿﺎ، ﮐﺎج ﻣﺸﻬﺪي و ﮐﺎج ﺑﺎداﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺪأﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺳـﻪ ﺑﻠﻮك ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 5 ﺳﺎل در ﭘﺎرك ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺳﺎوه اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻫﺮ ﺑﻠﻮك از ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ 24 اﺻـﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل ﺑﻪﺻـﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮاﺻـﻞ 2×2/5 ﻣﺘﺮ ﮐﺸـﺖ و از اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد 12 اﺻـﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل ﺟﻬﺖ آﺑﯿﺎري 7 روزه و 12 اﺻﻠﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ آﺑﯿـﺎري 14 روزه ﺑـﺎ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺟﺎذب رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﺮاﮐﺎﺗﻢ )TerraCottem( در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷـــﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـــﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ارﺗﻔﺎع و ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ دوره آﺑﯿﺎري و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار آﻣﺎري را ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. اﺛﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ دوره آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸـﺨﺼـﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ و ﺷـﺎداﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﮐﺎج ﺑﺮوﺳﯿﺎ از ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع )2/76 ﻣﺘﺮ(، زﻧﺪهﻣﺎﻧﯽ )90/67 درﺻﺪ( و ﺷﺎداﺑﯽ )90 درﺻﺪ( و ﮐﺎج ﻣﺸﻬﺪي از ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻄﺮ ﯾﻘﻪ )6/42 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ(، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺗﺎج )1/27 ﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )5/12 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷـﻪاي ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺳـﺮو ﺧﻤﺮهاي، ﮐﺎج ﺑﺮوﺳـﯿﺎ و ﺳﺮو ﺷﯿﺮاز ﮐﻠﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷــﺮاﯾﻂ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ دوره آﺑﯿﺎري 14 روزه و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘﻠﯿﻤﺮ ﺟﺎذب رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺎوه ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.

In arid areas, increasing irrigation periods is necessary to providing the water needed for the development of green space and plantation. This study was conducted in forest park of Saveh based on a randomized complete block design in split-split plot arrangement with irrigation period as main plot and coniferous species of Juniperus excelsa M.B., Cupressus arizonica Green., Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco., Cupressus sempervirens Var. fastigiata., Cupressus sempervirens Var. horizontalis., Pinus eldarica Medw., Pinus brutia Ten., Pinus mugo Turra., Pinus pinea L., Taxodium distichum L. Rich., as sub plot with different origin in three blocks for 5 years. In each block from each species, 24 seedlings as a group were planted at 2.5 × 2 m. spacing that from these numbers, 12 seedlings were considered for 7 days irrigation and 12 seedlings for 14 days irrigation using of TerraCottem hydrophilic polymer. The results showed that height and collar diameter showed a significant statistical difference.in the interaction between irrigation periods and species. The main effect of irrigation period was significant on characteristics of collar diameter and vitality. P. brutia obtained the highest height (2.76 m), survival percentage (90.67 %), and vitality (90 %) and P. mugo obtained the highest collar diameter (6.42 cm), canopy cover diameter (1.27 m) and area of canopy cover (5.12 m2). Cluster analysis showed that species of P. orientalis, P. brutia and C. sempervirens Var. fastigiata with Koloudeh origin are in the most suitable conditions in terms of each of the variables studied and along with 14 days irrigation period using of TerraCottem hydrophilic polymer introduced for planting in Saveh.