پديد آورندگان :
برادري، ابراهيم دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي، تهران، ايران - گروه مشاوره , كثير، صادق دانشگاه علامه طباطبايي، تهران، ايران - گروه مشاوره , اماني، كاظم دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ايران - گروه مشاوره , صنوبر، عباس دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ايران - گروه روان شناسي تربيتي
كليدواژه :
سرمايهٔ روان شناختي , ديابت , سالمندان , فشارخون
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension play a significant role in the mental health of the elderly. The present study aimed to compare the psychological capital between the elderly with diabetes and hypertension and their healthy counterparts.
Methods: This was a descriptive and comparative study. The population of this study included all the elderly living in the villages of Shavar section in Shoush City, Iran (N=1500). Of this population, 400 elderly with diabetes and hypertension whose diagnosis were approved by the
specialist physician of the health center as well healthy elderly were selected; for the recruitment of samples in this study, a simple random
sampling method was used. From 1100 healthy elderly and 400 elderly patients, 95 healthy and patient elderlies (33 diabetics, 25 with
hypertension, & 27 healthy individuals) were selected as the study samples and according to Krejsi–Morgan sampling table. To collect the
necessary information, in specific days and hours coordinated with the village health centers (10 villages), the psychological capital questionnaire
was distributed among the elderly with diabetes and hypertension and the healthy subjects in almost identical situations. There was no time limit
for the collection of questionnaires, they were collected and categorized at specific hours with the presence of a researcher in the health centers,
the villages, or at the study subjects’ home. The data collection tool was Luthanz's Psychological Capital Inventory (2007). This questionnaire
was designed to measure the psychological capital of individuals. It consists of 4 subscales of hope, optimism, resilience, and self–efficacy; each
subscale consists of 6 items responded on a 6–point Likert–Type scale (completely disagree to completely agree). To analyze the obtained data,
we used descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics [Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for testing the normal
distribution of data, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), and one–way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)] in SPSS. The inclusion
criteria of the present study included being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus or hypertension, and having physical health, being aged >50 years,
the lack of psychological disorders, non–use of psychiatric medications, and completing the questionnaire. Additionally, the exclusion criterion
of the study was providing incomplete questionnaires. Following the selection of samples at a meeting, the study participants were informed of
the research goal, and they were assured that the analysis of the questionnaires would only be general in line with the research objectives and
that the principle of confidentiality would have been respected. Furthermore, all necessary permitions for the implementation of this research
have been obtained and any research action has been reported to the Shawoor Health Center.
Results: Obtained data suggested a significant difference in self–efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism between the studied elderly with
diabetes and hypertension and the healthy ones (p<0.001). In other words, healthy elderly enjoyed higher levels of self–efficacy, hope, resilience,
and optimism, compared to the elderly with diabetes and hypertension.
Conclusion: According to the current study findings, the elderly with diabetes and hypertension were more prone to be exposed to psychological
damages, induced by due to these conditions. In other words, the elderly with diabetes and hypertension have lower levels of self–efficacy, hope, and resilience, and optimism, compared to their healthy counterparts.
